New Revolutionary Alternative
The New Revolutionary Alternative (Russian: Новая Революционная Альтернатива; NRA) was a Russian far-left terrorist organisation, allegedly active during the late 1990s.
History
[edit]During the late 1990s, several bombing attacks were carried out against the Federal Security Service (FSB) by far-left activists of the Russian Communist Workers Party (RCWP), who had become disillusioned with the post-Soviet government of Russia.[1] In 1998, RCWP member Alexander Biryukov carried out a bombing attack against the FSB.[2] In April 1999, four women affiliated with the RCWP carried out a bombing of the Lubyanka Building, the headquarters of the FSB in Moscow.[1] The latter bombing was allegedly carried out in protest against the carpet bombing of Grozny during the Second Chechen War.[3] Following these attacks, the FSB announced the existence of a new far-left terrorist organisation, the "New Revolutionary Alternative", which the FSB held responsible for the bombings.[2] In 2001, it was reported that NRA had also set off bombs in Moscow military offices (Ostankino in 1996 and Cheryomushkinsky in 1997).[4]
In 2003, Nadezhda Raks, Olga Nevskaya, Larisa Romanova, and Tatiana Nekhorosheva-Sokolova were found guilty of the bombings.[5] Romanova's sentence was later commuted.[6] Alexander Biryukov was declared incompetent to stand trial and was sent to a psychiatric hospital.[7]
Legacy
[edit]The New Revolutionary Alternative has since become associated with anarchism and has been listed alongside other anarchist terrorist groups of the late 20th century, such as the German 2 June Movement and the Italian Revolutionary Proletarian Initiative Nuclei.[8] The Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists (BOAK) has cited the NRA as an inspiration for its attacks against Russian rail infrastructure following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Saradzhyan & Abdullaev 2005, p. 123.
- ^ a b Saradzhyan & Abdullaev 2005, p. 123n42.
- ^ a b Aizman 2024, p. 71.
- ^ "Террористка из "Новой революционной альтернативы" останется под стражей" [The New Revolutionary Alternative terrorist will remain in custody]. NEWSru (in Russian). 22 August 2001.
- ^ "Суд отправил в тюрьму активисток "Новой революционной альтернативы"" [The court sent the activists of the New Revolutionary Alternative to prison]. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 14 May 2003. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016.
- ^ "Верховный суд смягчил наказание террористке, взорвавшей приемную ФСБ" [Supreme Court commutes punishment for terrorist who blew up FSB reception centre]. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 4 December 2003. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016.
- ^ "Верховный суд решил лечить революционного террориста" [The Supreme Court has decided to treat a revolutionary terrorist]. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 13 July 2001. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
- ^ Hellmuth 2018, p. 159.
Bibliography
[edit]- Aizman, Ania (2024). "From Representation to Sabotage: The New Practices of Russian Antiwar Groups". The Russian Review (83): 66–78. doi:10.1111/russ.12579.
- Hellmuth, Dorle (2018). "Of terrorism types and countermeasures: In need of a new framework". Comparative Strategy. 37 (3): 155–174. doi:10.1080/01495933.2018.1486081.
- Saradzhyan, Simon; Abdullaev, Nabi (2005). "Disrupting Escalation of Terror in Russia to Prevent Catastrophic Attacks". Connections. 4 (1): 111–130. JSTOR 26323159.
Further reading
[edit]News articles
[edit]- "Басаев ни причем: банк Москвы взорвали левые радикалы" [Basayev had nothing to do with it: left-wing radicals blew up the Bank of Moscow]. Pravda.ru (in Russian). 26 January 2005.
- "Бирюков признан невменяемым и недееспособным" [Biryukov was declared insane and incapacitated]. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 24 April 2001. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
- "Контрразведчики продолжают ловить террористок, взорвавших приемную ФСБ" [Counterintelligence officers continue to catch terrorists who blew up the FSB reception centre]. Lenta.ru (in Russian). 21 March 2000. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016.
Journal articles
[edit]- Archakov, Mikhail Konstantinovich (2021). "Некоторые вопросы истории современного российского анархизма: новая революционная альтернатива" [Some questions of the history of modern Russian anarchism: New Revolutionary Alternative]. Чтения памяти евгения Петровича Сычевского (in Russian) (21): 211–217. ISSN 2223-2338.
- Archakov, Mikhail Konstantinovich (2021). "Деятельность радикальных анархических организаций в современной россии" [Activists of radical anarchist organisations in modern Russia]. Чтения памяти профессора александра Александровича Сидоренко (in Russian) (8): 25–34. ISSN 2409-2800.
- Buryak, Victoria Anatolevna; Glukhovskaya, Daria; Yushina, Svetlana Vladimirovna (2023). "Радикальные молодежные движения в современном российском обществе: социально-политические детерминанты" [Radical youth movements in modern Russian society: socio-political determinants]. Гуманитарные, социально-экономические и общественные науки (in Russian) (8): 20–24.
- Davydov, Stanislav Gennadevich (2015). "Организованные формы политического участия российской молодежи в 1990-е годы: размышления об уроках" [Organised Forms of Political Participation of Russian Youth in the 1990s: Reflections on Lessons Learned]. Право и практика (in Russian) (4): 123–129. ISSN 2411-2275.
- Davydov, Stanislav Gennadevich (2019). "Социально-экономическое положение российской молодежи и протестные настроения в 1990-е гг" [Socio-economic situation of Russian youth and protest moods in the 1990s.]. Современная научная мысль (in Russian) (6): 139–143.
- Sarkisov, Dmitrii Nikolaevich (2010). "Организация экстремистского сообщества" [Organising an extremist community]. Уголовное право (in Russian) (2): 63–67. ISSN 2071-5870.
- Usmanov, R. Kh.; Kinzhuvaev, R. Z. (2012). "Леворадикальные молодежные объединения в контексте безопасности этнополитических процессов юга России" [Left-radical youth associations in the context of security of ethno-political processes in the south of Russia]. Южно-российский журнал социальных наук (in Russian) (4): 74–88.
- Ziukov, A. M. (2007). "Несоответствие политики противодействия терроризму потребности общества и этнополитики" [Inconsistency of counter-terrorism policies with the needs of society and ethno-politics]. Вестник Владимирского юридического института (in Russian) (2): 275–278. ISSN 2071-0313.
- Zubarev, I. Yu (2020). "Идеология и практика левых радикальных молодежных движений в россии на рубеже ХХ-ХХI вв" [Ideology and practice of left-wing radical youth movements in Russia at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries]. Проблемы социальных и гуманитарных НАУК (in Russian) (1): 182–187. ISSN 2409-2800.
Book chapters
[edit]- Buchenkov, Dmitrii (2009). Анархисты в России в конце XX века [Anarchists in Russia at the end of the 20th century] (in Russian). Moscow: LIBROKOM. ISBN 9785397005166. OCLC 690511536.
- Savinov, Leonid Vyacheslavovich (2011). Исследование и экспертиза экстремистских материалов: Монография [Research and Expertise of Extremist Materials: A Monograph] (in Russian). Scientific magazine "Kontsept". pp. 45–46. ISBN 9785803604303.
- Tarasov, Alexander (1997). "История возникновения и развития лево-радикального движения в СССР/России в 80-е – 90-е гг. XX века" [History of the Beginning and Development of the Left-Radical Movement in the USSR/Russia in the 1980s and 1990s]. In Verkhovskii, Aleksandr (ed.). Левые в России: от умеренных до экстремистов [The Left in Russia: from moderates to extremists] (PDF) (in Russian). Изд-во "Ин-т экспериментальной социологии". pp. 9–95. ISBN 9785876370068. OCLC 39275934.